Ringways References

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This is an experiment into how references might be collated and published for the Ringways articles. The references will not be placed on the pages themselves, to avoid it becoming too academic and even less readable, but instead will be collated here, with each key point in the text married up with its source.


Background

Early plans

New Road opened ca. 1756
Royal Commission on London Traffic
Rees Jeffreys' ring road proposal

Traffic Board for London
Arterial Routes built by 1930s
Highway Development Survey 1937


Wartime plans

The County of London Plan, 1943
CM 09
Copy held at London Metropolitan Archives

The Greater London Plan, 1944
CM 10
Copy held at London Metropolitan Archives


Post-war and beyond

Proposal to reverse roles of A and B rings
Land for road construction not protected
M1 to terminate near Marble Arch
Motorway Box replaces A- and B-rings
Eastern side was pre-existing road proposal
LCC plans and omission of Motorway Box
West Cross Route planning status in 1962

GLC purpose included planning of road network
Consultants brought in to assist GLC with planning
GLC unhappy with use of Abercrombie terminology
GLC's overall plan and timescale
Evening Standard report with incorrect cost and rehousing numbers
Camden suggesting higher capacity on North Cross Route


Epilogue

Correspondence between Ministry and GLC
Estimate of cost at 1970
GLDP as biggest inquiry in British history
Protest groups set up in South West London
Grove Park Group's analysis and report
Coalition of South London councils
Barnes Motorway Action Group newspaper spread
Layfield Report decision on Ringway 1

DoE memo to Treasury recommending Layfield's proposals
Government policy on Motorway Box
Leaks in Sunday Times and Private Eye
Treasury memo puts Ringway 1 "out of the question"
MoT merges R3 and R4 to form M25
GLC cancels R2 plans in favour of M25
A102(M), A40(M), M41 open to traffic by 1973
Motorways within Greater London downgraded


Ringway 1

Encircling 60 square miles
R1 as 'minimum solution'

Serve as local distributor and long-distance bypass
Estimated 36,000 people rehomed


North Cross Route

Route, Willesden Junction - Hackney Wick
T 319/1842 contains the standard GLC route map for Ringway 1
Route published in 1966
MT 106/437 for engineering plans, route study and publicity
Demolition of Sigmund Freud's house
Link roads from Willesden to Harlesden, M40 and M4
MT 106/437

British Rail's objection to motorway over Camden Goods Yard
PNLR terminus on Ringway 1
MT 106/437 in plan sheets
M11 to Angel link alternative route on line of A10
MT 106/437 in study on alternative links to York Way and Hackney Wick
Barbara Castle newspaper controversy
MT 106/437


East Cross Route

Route, Hackney Wick to Kidbrooke
Road is as-built before 1973
T 319/1842 contains the standard GLC route map for Ringway 1
Existing proposal by London County Council
GLC/TD/C/P/01 held at London Metropolitan Archives
Sections of road previously under motorway restrictions
Sections of East Cross Route designated A106
OS Landranger map (details to follow)

A13 interchange as temporary measure
Third Blackwall Tunnel bore planned
A-Z map (details to follow)
Kidbrooke Interchange (A2/A20/Ringway 1)
HLG 159/1257


South Cross Route

Route, Kidbrooke - Clapham Junction
T 319/1842 contains the standard GLC route map for Ringway 1
Kidbrooke Interchange (A2/A20/Ringway 1)
HLG 159/1257
Blackheath tunnel and alternative line proposals
HLG 159/1257 for proposals made by LB Greenwich and Buchanan
MT 106/299 for report in South London Press, 09/04/1971, including trial bore holes made by GLC
New Cross Spur interchange
Split carriageways at Denmark Hill

Brixton section, and redevelopment of Brixton
LBL/BDD/1/16/1, LBL/BDD/1/16/2 and LBL/BDD/2/4 for various incarnations of the Brixton Town Centre Redevelopment Plan within the Ringway timeframe
Barrier Block (Southwyck House), Brixton
Urban 75 have a well-researched report from original files at Lambeth Archives, verified by the site's authors
Engineer's Reports
MT 106/299 for details on commissioning and funding


West Cross Route

Route, Clapham Junction - Holland Park
MT 106/188
CM 08
Route, Holland Park - Westway
This road is as-built before 1973.
T 319/1842 confirms the whole route.
Route, Westway - Willesden Junction
MT 106/437
Elevated motorway with three or four lanes
Interchange at Chelsea, and alternative plans
MT 106/188 for complex looped interchange
Check - not sure? for east-facing directional interchange

Designs for A4 interchange
MT 106/188 for stacked roundabout
Check - not sure? for west-facing directional interchange
Dual carriageway proposal forking to two bridges
Western Environmental Improvement Route
West London Assessment Study, Stage II. Viewed at Richmond Archives. Detailed page to follow.
Mention of proposal to link Chelsea and Victoria Embankments
LA 02 mentions this plan - detailed diagrams and documents yet to be located


Camden Town Bypass

Route, Camden Road - Euston Road
MT 106/437 includes full engineering diagrams
HLG 159/2457

Oval Road cantilever over bypass
MT 106/437 for written description of the route
Artist's impression
MT 106/437 for GLC publicity on 'new roads in N and E London'


Balham Loop

Route, Clapham - Brixton via Tulse Hill
T 319/1842 has the standard GLC map of Ringway 1, including the Balham Loop
Publication of route in 1966
Check this - sure there is a written summary of whole of R1 including BL, probably dated
Withdrawal of route in 1967
Report in Wandsworth Boro' News, 21/01/1967

Map with Balham Loop crossed out
Quote from Southern Railway poster


Ringway 2

Objector arguing that R2 would only encourage cars

Objector from Strand-on-the-Green association


North Circular Road

Route, Hanger Lane - Woodford
This road was pre-existing
HLG 159/1024 indicates that the existing North Circular was to be upgraded
North Circular as Trunk Route
MT 106/151 indicates that, in 1961, the North Circular was the responsibility of the MoT

Ministry of Transport proposals, 1961
MT 106/151 for the report itself
MT 106/152 for accompanying plans and diagrams


Eastern Section

Route, Woodford - A13
Route, A13 - Thamesmead
Route, Thamesmead - A2
A406 previously terminated at Gants Hill

Proposed designation M15
1960s preference for tunnel
Controversy surrounding Oxleas Wood
Resurrection of river crossing by Ken Livingstone


Southern Section

Route, A2 - A23
Route, A23 - A24
Route, A24 - Wandsworth
Junctions at Grove Park

Double-deck and interchange at Elmer's End
M23 terminal interchange
GLC proposal to roof over sections
GLC consider R2 high priority


Western Link

Route, Wandsworth - M4
Route, M4 - A40
MT 106/151
Lack of connection between motorway and relief roads in Wandsworth
Artist's impression of motorway at Barnes Bridge
Uncredited press cutting at Richmond Local History Service. From the context it is likely to be from the Richmond Herald, 1966.
Four-level stack with A316

Chiswick triangle, noise and demolition
Chiswick Flyover interchange
Barnes Motorway Action Group
West London Assessment Study
West London Assessment Study, Stage II. Viewed at Richmond Archives. Detailed page to follow.


Ringway 3

Abercrombie's D-Ring as precursor
MT 106/413 includes written confirmation that several sections used D-Ring protected lines
MT 95/85 includes plans of the D-ring at locations that match known routings of Ringway 3
GLC discussing only three ring roads

Ringway 3 as route for long-distance traffic
Ministry plan for Outer Orbital motorway M45
MT 112/67


Northern Section

Route, M1 - Bignell's Corner
Route, Bignell's Corner - Potter's Bar
As built before 1973
Route, Potter's Bar - A12

Use of M16 designation before opening
Use of temporary A1178 number
Incorporated into full-circle M25


Eastern Section

Route, A12 - A20

Southern Section

Route, A20 - Addington
Route, Addington - Thames
Alternative route, Addington - Chessington
Consultants still investigating routes in 1971

Newspaper report concerning "final route"
No final route ever selected
Engineering standards


Western Section

Route, Thames - M3
Route, M3 - M4 - Yeading
Route, options at Yeading
Route, MoT option Yeading - South Oxhey
Check (same as GLC route)
Route, GLC option Yeading - South Oxhey
Check (same as MoT route)
MT 106/291 for 1964 route through Stanmore and Harrow to M1 junction 3
Ministry line v GLC line
Settled in favour of Ministry line before GDLP inquiry, The Times, 13-03-71

R3 connecting to M3 junction 1
R3 connecting to M3 at new junction at Upper Halliford (inc. reserved land and property dispute)
MT 120/169
Cost comparison of Ministry and GLC route options
HLG 159/321
Previous plans for D-Ring and to link M1 and Heathrow by dual carriageway
Memo indicating urban or rural motorway standard
MT 106/413
File suggesting route number M16 between A4020 and M1
Hansard, 07-11-72
Ringway 3 still at least partially in roads programme in 1977
Hansard, 05-04-77


Ringway 4

Abercrombie plan for outer parkways
CM 10 (Greater London Plan, 1944)

North Orbital Road

Route, Navestock - M11
Route, M11 - Hatfield
Route, Hatfield Bypass

Route, Hatfield - Watford
Proposed as all-purpose road
A1170 Dinant Link Road as R4


Western Section

Route, Hunton Bridge - Maple Cross
Route, Maple Cross - Staines

Route, Staines - River Thames


Southern Section

Route, River Thames - A3
Route, A3 - M23
Route, M23 - M20

Link south-west of M25/M3 interchange
Stacked roundabout interchange at A21


Denham Spur

Route, Denham - Ruislip Common

Oversize bridges at Denham built without authority


Northern Radials

M1

Route, St Albans - A406
Route, A406 - Kilburn
M1 final section opened 1977

A406 flyover pre-existing at 1977
1970s and 80s proposals for extension to WEIR


PNLR (Possible North London Radial)

Route, Dyrham Park - Ringway 1
Route, Ringway 1 - Kings Cross

Interchange with North Cross Route
Names PNLR and Kings Cross Radial


M11

Route, Harlow - A406
Route, A406 - Hackney Wick
Route, Hackney Wick - Angel
Route, alternative Lee Valley line
Restricted access interchange with R3

Layout of interchange with M12 and R2
Range of route options through Wanstead
Hackney Wick interchange
Eastern Avenue Extension
A12 not on proposed line of M11


M12

Route, Woodford - Brentwood
Route, Brentwood - Maplin Sands alternative
Route, Brentwood - Chelmsford alternative
Terminal interchange at Woodford

Havering-atte-Bower service area
Gallows Corner spur and temporary flyover
Noak Hill spur
Maplin Airport route with parallel railway


M13

Route, Maplin Sands - Blackwall (via Rayleigh)
Route, Maplin Sands - Blackwall (via Thames Estuary)

Suggestion of plans for a barrage near Southend
Proposal for two motorways to Maplin Airport


Western Radials

A41(M)

Route, Hemel Hempstead - Hunton Bridge
Route, Hunton Bridge - M1

Tring Bypass completed in 1970s
Hunton Bridge as terminus of M25


A40, A40(M) or M40

Route, High Wycombe - Denham
Route, Denham - Shepherd's Bush
Route, Shepherd's Bush - Marylebone
R4 to connect at Denham (M40 junction 1)

R4 to connect at present M25 junction
Sliproads at Denham designed with provision for spur
Spur to R1 at Gypsy Corner


M4

Route, Slough - Chiswick
Route, Chiswick - Earl's Court
Possibility of widening Chiswick elevated section

Limited-access proposal for Chiswick Roundabout
Free-flow proposal for Chiswick Roundabout
Confusion over status Chiswick - Earl's Court


M3 or A316

Route, Staines - Sunbury
Route, Sunbury - Richmond
Route, Richmond Bypass
Route, Richmond - Chiswick

Local authority plans for Richmond bypass
Local authority change and rejection of bypass
GLC suggesting M3 to Chiswick until 1973


A3

Route, Esher Bypass
Route, Kingston Bypass
Route, Robin Hood Gate - Wandsworth

Abercrombie considered A3 unsuitable as Parkway
Esher Bypass proposed as motorway


Southern Radials

M23

Route, Redhill - Hooley
Route, Hooley - Streatham Vale
Route, Streatham Vale - Tooting Bec Common
London - Brighton Motorway planned in early 20th century

Deletion of Streatham Vale - Tooting Bec Common section
Considered for number M2
Terminus on "Tooting Bec - Tulse Hill Link"
Plan formally cancelled in 1995


SCRPDR (South Cross Route to Parkway D Radial)

Route, Brixton - Elmer's End
Route, Elmer's End - Addington
Descended from Abercrombie's Parkway E
Name 'South Cross Route to Parkway D Radial'

Name 'Hastings Radial'
Double-deck interchange with R2
Line protected by GLC in 1964
Lambeth Council lobby for removal of protection


A20, M20 or A20(M)

Route, Kidbrooke - A208
Route, A208 - Swanley
Route, Swanley - Wrotham
Route, Swanley - Wrotham southern alternative

Junction layouts, Kidbrooke - A208
Road in deep cutting next to A20
Use of number A20(M)
Use of number M20


A2, M2 or A2(M)

Route, Kidbrooke - Falconwood
Route, Falconwood - Dartford
Route, Dartford - Gravesend
A282 interchange intended as A2/R3 junction

Eltham section built in 1980s
Woolwich Borough Council objection to Eltham section
Use of number A2(M)
Use of number M2